El método fenomenológico en la investigación educativa: entendiendo los principios clave de la metodología de Max van Manen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/dse.v0i29.1423Resumen
La fenomenología hace referencia a un movimiento filosófico y a diversas perspectivas de investigación cualitativa. La propuesta del pedagogo Max van Manen es una propuesta de investigación fenomenológica con características propias y que resulta difícil de aprehender para los investigadores cualitativos que recién se interesan en ella. El presente texto tiene por objetivo describir los principios y los supuestos metodológicos de la fenomenología hermenéutica, también llamada fenomenología de la práctica, que no han sido difundidos de manera explícita en la literatura, lo cual dificulta la comprensión de este método. El artículo se divide en dos secciones principales, en la primera sección se describe el principio teleológico, el principio ontológico y el principio epistemológico. En la segunda sección se describen los supuestos metodológicos que incluyen la metodología al servicio de la práctica profesional, transitar de la actitud natural a la actitud fenomenológica, investigar la experiencia tal como es vivida, la experiencia vivida no puede conocerse a través de código ni categorías y el texto fenomenológico promueve el conocimiento pático. Se concluye que la fenomenología de la práctica es una metodología cualitativa fenomenológica no canónica, que investiga el fenómeno educativo tal como es vivido (principio ontológico), que promueve la adquisición de una sabiduría práctica (principio epistemológico) y que permite velar por el bienestar de los estudiantes (principio teleológico).Descargas
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