Dilemas de la educación intercultural: la experiencia de profesores bilingües en escuelas primarias del área metropolitana de Monterrey/Dilemmas of Intercultural Education: the Experience of Bilingual Teachers in Elementary Schools in the Metropolitan Are
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/dse.v0i13.239Keywords:
interculturalidad, población indígena, educación intercultural, educación indígena, multiculturalismoAbstract
Resumen: El artículo ofrece la etnografía de una práctica cimentada en la atención de la diversidad cultural, aún subordinada a la presencia indígena, así como a las tensiones y oportunidades que se presentan dentro de un sistema hegemónico como el escolarizado. En el área metropolitana de Monterrey (AMM), en Nuevo León, la política educativa estatal orientada hacia la visibilización y el reconocimiento de los indígenas inmigrantes, reduce a los niños indígenas a cierta “condición cultural”, de la cual son o deberían ser herederos y naturales perpetuadores: su lengua, su vestuario, sus danzas, su comida, etc. En este propósito, el rol de los profesores auxiliares bilingües (PAB), como brazo operativo del Departamento de Educación Indígena (DEI), se constriñe al de un divulgador de la cultura cuyo fin es la explicitación de la diferencia entre individuos de distintos orígenes, pero no la comprensión de las circunstancias socioculturales que enfrentan los menores indígenas (y sus compañeros mestizos) y ellos mismos en su estrategia. El texto focaliza en la intervención áulica de los “profes bilingües”, como también son identificados los PAB en las escuelas primarias generales donde intervienen. Palabras clave: interculturalidad, población indígena, educación intercultural, educación indígena, multiculturalismo.
Abstract: This paper presents an ethnographic practice based on addressing cultural diversity, albeit subordinated to the presence of indigenous groups, as well as the tensions and opportunities within a hegemonic school-based system. In the Monterrey Metropolitan Area in Nuevo León, Mexico, educational policies oriented towards the visibilization and recognition of indigenous immigrants reduce their children to a certain “cultural condition”, of which they are or should be heirs and natural preservers: their language, their attire, their dances, their food, etc. To this purpose, the role of bilingual assistant teachers as operatives of the Indigenous Education Department is limited to that of culture divulgation aimed at explaining the differences among individuals of different origins, but not to understanding the socio-cultural circumstances faced by indigenous children (and their mestizo classmates) and the teachers themselves in their strategy. The paper highlights the classroom interventions of “bilingual teachers”, as they are known in the elementary schools where they work. So far, teaching and instructing indigenous children has focused on improving their performance in Spanish or math tests, although bilingual strategies have been implemented in order to involve all students in the knowledge of pre-Hispanic languages such as náhuatl, teenek and hñañu, as well as indigenous lore, traditional handicraft, clothing or gastronomy. Key words: intercultural education, indigenous education, interculturality, multiculturalism, indigenous population.
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